Osteocartilage degeneration is a disease of the spine characterized by degeneration of the intervertebral disc, which is significantly reduced in height, sclerosis on the surface of the vertebrae and reactive growth of regional ossified plants.
The cartilage tissue of the intervertebral disc affected by osteocartilage degeneration gradually regenerates and becomes the shape of the bone.The size of the hardened disk is reduced, losing the characteristics of the shock absorber between the vertebrae and starting to press down the nerve endings, causing the sensation of pain to appear.
The initial stages of osteochondrosis usually do not show any unpleasant feelings in the spine and can be diagnosed as internal organ disease, and the true diagnosis can only be detected after a large number of examinations.
By positioning, cervix, thoracic cavity, lumbar, s bone and common osteochondrosis.Most commonly, lumbar osteocartilage (50% of cases), cervical osteocartilage (more than 25%) and common (about 12%) are diagnosed.
The intervertebral disc is a fiber plate.In the middle of the disk, there is a core surrounded by a fibrous ring (similar to a tendon).The intervertebral disc does not have its vascular system and therefore comes at the expense of other tissues.An important source of intervertebral disc nutrients is the back muscles, and the one that most often causes the disease to develop is their malnutrition.During weightlifting, jumping, and other physical fatigue, the disc acts as a shock absorber and supports the required distance between the vertebrae.Since the maximum load falls on the lumbar spine, the protrusions and vertebral hernia that most often form the complications of this disease, which is a complication of this disease.
Principles of intervertebral disc- The protrusion of the disc (prolapse) without rupturing the fiber ring.
Hernia of intervertebral disc- Protrusion of the disk, rupture of the fibrous annulus and the "flow" of the jet core.Especially usually, a hernia is formed when the spine is tilted or simultaneously and the trunk is turned to the side, especially when there is a heavy object in the hand.In this position, the disc experiences a large load, with the pressure inside the disc rising, pressing the vertebrae to one side of the disk, and the core is forced to move on the other side and pressing on the annulus on the annulus.At some point, the fibre ring cannot withstand such loads, and the disc is protruding (the fibre ring is stretched but remains integral) or forms a hernia (the fibre ring breaks and a portion of the "flow" in the nucleus passes through a breakthrough breakthrough).As the load on the spine increases and creates conditions for increased pressure for vertebrae damage, the size of the hernia increases.
For the hernia protrusion and size of the hernia, if the hernia is forward or sideways, this can cause pain and work damage to some organs, and the consequences may be even more severe when the spinal cord and damage are protruding.If a vertebral hernia affects the nerve process or roots of a certain segment of the spine, it will lead to violation of the work of the organ and the part of the spine will be responsible.Another option is: Because the disk protrudes in one direction, on the other side, the distance between the vertebrae is reduced, which causes the nerve process of the vertebrae itself to clamp.Vertebral hernia in the lumbar area usually causes leg pain, chest area can cause dizziness, heart pain, invasion of respiratory organs, etc. Hernia in the cervical spine can cause headache, headache, dizziness and numbness of the hands.The most dangerous vertebral hernia is over 10 mm in size, which drastically shrinks the spinal canal, clamps blood vessels and damages the nerve ends. Long-term exposure can not only cause severe pain, but also lead to circulatory diseases, loss of sensitivity in LIMB, and subsequent complications.But the most dangerous is the hernia of the intervertebral disc, which is that the hernia is ready to destroy or separate the fragments and then lower the fragments in the spinal canal, which can lead to serious consequences: impaired function of the pelvic organs, while lower weaknesses.
Causes of osteochondrosis
The causes of disc changes have not been fully studied.After 35 years, people most often begin to feel the manifestations of osteochondrosis.The development and aggravation of this disease is facilitated by various back injuries, static and dynamic overloads, and vibrations.The older he is, the more he will perform.But in recent years, more and more people aged 18 to 30 have complained about back pain.There are many reasons for early symptoms of the disease: weak physical exercise, violation of posture and curvature of the spine, flat feet and excessive weight.
Therefore, we will focus on the main reasons:
- inherited (genetic) tendency;
- Metabolic diseases, infections, poisoning in the body;
- Overweight, improper nutrition (lack of trace elements and liquids);
- age-related changes;
- spinal injury (bruise, fracture);
- Violation of posture, curvature of the spine, excessive movement of the cylindrical segment of the spine (instability), flat feet;
- Unfavorable environmental conditions;
- A sedentary lifestyle;
- work related to weightlifting, frequent changes in body position (turning, bending and extension, twitching movement);
- Long-term exposure to standing position, sitting, lying, lying, lying and transfer weights while performing another job.
- Excessive physical exercise will unevenly develop the bone and muscle system;
- Spine overload associated with foot disease and the results of uncomfortable wearing of shoes, high heels and women’s pregnancy;
- Sharply stop regular training of professional athletes;
- Over-building with tension, stress, smoking;
- hypothermia, adverse weather conditions (high humidity at low temperature).
Symptoms and characteristics of osteochondrosis
Patients with osteochondral disease complain about constant back pain, and numbness and pain in the limbs are often added.In the absence of adequate treatment, weight loss and atrophy of the limbs occur.
Main symptoms:
- Continuous pain in the back, numbness and pain in the limbs;
- increased pain during sudden movements, physical exertion, lifting weights, cought and sneezing;
- Reduce exercise and muscle spasms;
- The osteocartilage of the cervical spine becomes: pain in the hands, shoulders, headaches; SO can develop vertebral artery syndrome called SO, which includes the following complaints: head noise, dizziness, flickering of "flies", colorful spots, eyes combined with burning pulsating headaches.The causes of vertebral artery syndrome may be due to bone growth, disc hernia, articulation of the spinal joints, and the direct stimulation of its sympathetic nerves in response to the direct stimulation of its sympathetic nerves.If so, the presence of vertebral artery syndrome can aggravate the course of coronary or cardiac muscle pathology;
- Osteocartilage of the thoracic vertebra: pain in the chest (such as the “wooden stake” in the chest), the heart and other internal organs;
- Osteocartilage of the lumbar spine: pain in the lower back, radiating to the bones, lower limbs, and sometimes pelvic organs;
- Lesions of nerve roots (hernia of intervertebral disc, bone growth, spinal cord spinal spinal column, spondyloarthritis): Shooting pain and sensitivity, atrophy, reduction, loss, innervation of muscle weakness, and reduction of reflectivity.
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
The initial diagnosis is established during the initial examination of the patient.Neurologists often examine patients’ complaints about local changes, which may manifest through pain, deformation, or fluid limitations.The spine is examined in the position where the patient stands, sits and lies, both during rest and exercise.The level of injury to the spine is determined by calculating the number of vertebrae from certain anatomical landmarks or according to a special protocol.
When examining the back, you should pay attention to the posture, the structural characteristics of the body, the structural characteristics of the spinous process (the middle groove of the back), the lower corner of the shoulder blade bone, the ridge of the lumbar bone, the sides of the waist and neck, and the vertical objects of the vertical hole are all placed in a vertical position, which is vertical, and the vertical effect is vertical.spine.
Feeling the spine allows you to supplement the examination data (exist or lack of deformation) to determine the location, extent, and nature of the pain.When feeling, also notice the tension of the muscles located next to the spine, as most injuries and illnesses of the spine are accompanied by an increase in muscle tension.
The flexion of the spine is used to determine the amplitude of movement in various parts of the spine.
The main roles in spinal studies were assigned to X-ray photography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and to determine the level of damage, specified and conducted a specific diagnosis, revealing hidden pathology.These diagnoses allow the attending physician to determine the treatment strategy and choose the most effective treatment.
Treatment methods for osteochondrosis and its complications
Treatment of osteochondrosisIts complications are performed using conservative methods designed to eliminate pain syndrome, diseases of spinal cord root function, and prevent the progression of dystrophic changes in spinal structures.With the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment and special indications, surgical (surgical) treatment was performed, and the number was determined by the damage to the disease and the level of clinical manifestation.
The duration of treatment for osteochondrosis and its complications depends mainly on the severity of the disease, age-related changes, treatment methods and careful prescriptions and advice from the attending physician.As practice shows, in most cases, the active treatment phase lasts for 1-3 months when using a conservative approach, while the recovery period after surgery is about 1 year.At the beginning of treatment, in some patients, there is a possibility of increasing pain syndromes associated with the muscle system and other formations, as well as unusual exposure to the body.The pain was stopped in a short period of time through physical therapy procedures, medications, and special physical exercises.The outcome of treatment depends largely on the patient's own behavior, patience, perseverance, certain willpower, and desire to recover.Under the conditions of a professional medical center and nursing home equipped with a modern diagnostic and therapeutic basis, the maximum efficiency of conservative treatment and rehabilitation can be achieved, as well as high-quality practitioners who use comprehensive treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.
Complex conservative treatments include physical therapy, physical therapy, massage, manual therapy, traction (traction) of the spine, reflex therapy, and medication.
Medical Physical Education (Exercise Therapy) - The main method of conservative treatment of musculoskeletal system diseases is to create a conservative treatment aimed at reducing the stress of nerve roots, correcting and enhancing the load on the muscle corset, increasing the volume and development of exercise and development, and having certain exercise and proper posture, as well as the flexibility necessary, as well as the flexibility necessary.This is achieved through regular rehabilitation equipment and joint gymnastics classes.The result of exercise is improvement in blood circulation, the metabolism and nutrition of the intervertebral discs are standardized, the intervertebral space increases, the formation of a muscle corset, and the reduction of load on the spine.
Physical therapy is a treatment method that uses physical factors: low frequency current, magnetic field, ultrasound, laser, etc.It is used to relieve pain, inflammatory processes, recovery after injury and surgery.When physical therapy methods are used, the treatment of many diseases is reduced, the effectiveness of the use of drugs and the effect of lower doses increases, and there are no inherent side effects in drug treatment.
Massage is a set of mechanical dosage effects techniques that are performed directly on the human body's surface in the form of friction, pressure, vibration.Effectively relieves muscle tone, muscle pain, improves blood circulation, and has a general enhancement effect.
Manual therapy is a separate selection of effects on the bone-muscular system, used to eliminate acute and chronic pain in the spine and joints, as well as increased amounts of exercise and posture correction.One of the areas of manual therapy is visceral manual therapy, which helps restore normal organ mobility, improve blood supply, lymphocytosis, normalize metabolism, restore immunity, and prevent the dispersion of chronic diseases.
Spine stretching (traction) is an effective method for treating spinal pain syndrome, using special equipment to perform joints using individually selected loads.The process is designed to increase intervertebral space, eliminate pain and restore the anatomically correct shape of the spine.
Reflexology - Various therapeutic techniques and methods of influencing the reflection generation area of the human body and the acupuncture point.Using reflexology in combination with other treatments can significantly improve its effectiveness.Most commonly, reflexology is used for osteochondrosis, accompanied by pain, neurological disorders, sleep disorders, mental imbalances, as well as overweight and tobacco curls.By working in some ways, the body can be harmoniously coexisted and many diseases can be treated.
During the aggravation of the disease, it is designed to stop pain syndrome, eliminate the inflammatory process and increase the metabolic process, by using intramuscular or intravenous injections.
Although each of the above is a very effective approach, it can still be combined with a course in rehabilitation equipment, namely creating a complete muscle corset for a lasting therapeutic effect.